Understanding the Signs and Risks of Gum Disease
If your dentist has diagnosed you with periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, and referred you to Dr. Fred Alger, we welcome you to our practice. Our experienced periodontal team in Gahanna, Ohio specializes in restoring oral health through advanced, research-based care.
Dr. Fred Alger is a board-certified periodontist and a recognized specialist in diagnosing and treating every form of gum disease — from early-stage gingivitis to advanced periodontitis. He will gently guide you through your diagnosis and explain the best treatment plan for your needs.
What Is Periodontal Disease?
Periodontal disease is a chronic infection of the gum tissue, bone, and supporting structures that hold your teeth in place. It begins when dental plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, builds up along the gumline and hardens into tartar. This bacterial biofilm triggers inflammation, causing the gums to pull away from the teeth and form pockets where more bacteria can thrive.
Without proper professional cleanings and daily brushing and flossing, this infection can lead to bone loss, tooth mobility, and eventually tooth loss. In fact, according to the American Academy of Periodontology and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), nearly half of adults in the United States experience some form of gum disease.
Do I Have It? Common Warning Signs
In the early stages, periodontal disease often develops quietly. You might not notice symptoms until the infection has already begun to damage the surrounding bone and connective tissue.
Some of the most common warning signs of gum disease include:
Bleeding Gums
Healthy gums should not bleed during brushing or flossing. If you notice redness, swelling, or bleeding, it’s an early indicator of gingivitis.
Bad Breath or Unpleasant Taste
Persistent bad breath (halitosis) is a common symptom of bacterial infection. The bacteria release toxins that can irritate the tissue and cause an unpleasant taste in your mouth.
Gum Recession
As gum tissue pulls away from the teeth, the root surfaces become exposed, creating sensitivity and aesthetic concerns.
Tooth Mobility
Loose or shifting teeth indicate advanced periodontitis, often linked to bone loss beneath the gums.
Pus or Discomfort
In severe cases, pus may form between the gums and teeth, leading to discomfort when chewing or brushing.
Primary Causes and Risk Factors
The main cause of periodontal disease is poor oral hygiene — specifically, failure to remove plaque and biofilm through proper brushing, flossing, and regular professional cleanings.
However, other risk factors can increase your likelihood of developing severe gum disease, including:
- Smoking or tobacco use
- Diabetes or immune system conditions
- Genetic predisposition or family history of gum disease
- Hormonal changes (pregnancy, menopause)
- Poor nutrition or vitamin deficiencies, such as low vitamin C or vitamin E
- Certain medications that affect saliva flow
- Clenching or grinding teeth
- Underlying health issues like coronary artery disease or heart disease
These factors can compromise the body’s ability to fight infection and may increase the incidence of inflammation in the mouth and bloodstream.
Stages of Gum Disease
- Gingivitis – The earliest and mildest form, marked by bleeding gums, plaque buildup, and slight redness. It’s reversible with good oral hygiene and routine cleanings.
- Early Periodontitis – The infection spreads beneath the gums, forming pockets and beginning to damage the connective tissue.
- Moderate to Severe Periodontitis – Bone loss occurs, and teeth may start to loosen. Without treatment, this stage can lead to irreversible tooth loss and changes in your bite alignment.
What to Do After a Diagnosis
If your dentist or hygienist has informed you that you have periodontal disease, it’s important to take action right away. Early treatment can mean the difference between saving your teeth and needing advanced surgical procedures later.
Dr. Alger begins with a thorough periodontal evaluation, which includes an intraoral examination, periodontal charting, and X-rays to measure the depth of gum pockets and assess bone structure.
Based on your diagnosis, he’ll recommend a custom treatment plan that may include:
Non-Surgical Treatment
- Scaling and root planing: A deep-cleaning procedure that removes plaque, tartar, and bacteria from below the gum line.
- Antimicrobial therapy: Localized antibiotics or mouth rinses to control infection and reduce inflammation.
- Improved oral hygiene instruction: Guidance on brushing, flossing, and using fluoride toothpaste to maintain results.
Surgical Procedures
For advanced cases, periodontal surgery may be necessary to remove deep infection and regenerate lost bone or tissue. Common techniques include:
- Flap surgery to clean and access deep pockets
- Bone grafting or guided tissue regeneration to rebuild lost bone
- Connective tissue grafts to cover exposed roots and restore gum health
The Connection Between Periodontal and Overall Health
Modern research published in the Journal of Clinical Periodontology links periodontal disease to several systemic conditions. Bacteria from the mouth can enter the bloodstream, contributing to inflammation that affects the heart, immune system, and other organs.
Untreated gum disease has been associated with:
- Heart disease and coronary artery disease
- Diabetes complications
- Respiratory infections
- Preterm birth or low birth weight in pregnant patients
Maintaining good oral hygiene and addressing gum inflammation early can positively impact your overall health and wellness.
What Are the Benefits of Treatment?
Professional periodontal treatment removes the infection, halts disease progression, and restores comfort and confidence in your smile. Additional benefits include:
- Healthier gum tissue and stronger bone support
- Reduced bad breath and bacterial buildup
- Improved comfort while chewing and speaking
- Lower risk of tooth loss and costly restorative treatments
- Better protection for your overall health
With proper care and ongoing maintenance, your gums can heal, and your oral health can be preserved for a lifetime.
Take the First Step Toward a Healthier Smile
No matter how advanced your periodontal disease may be, Dr. Alger and his team can help you regain a healthy, properly functioning mouth. Regular visits, good oral hygiene, and professional care are the foundation of lifelong gum health.